@JD – Sorry, that's a brain cramp on my part. The board is Gigabyte and the GPU is Asus. And I definitely flashed the correct BIOS (fair question, though! LOL). And yes regarding CPU power. Per your earlier request, I'll attach some photos below.
Current update: The Ethernet / WiFi problem has mysteriously gone away. No idea why, though I did swap ethernet cables today – though why that also fixed the WiFi issue is beyond me (WiFi stayed fixed even after I removed the ethernet cable). Ethernet / WiFi functionality remained working even after a full power-down and re-boot cycle, so that is encouraging.
With Internet available, I downloaded Gigabyte Control Center and through it all the board-related drivers. The Performance panel of GCC doesn't show any issues. I'm able to control fan speed, RGB colours, etc. I was also able to re-start Windows without problem.
The power-up problem remains, though. I have to reset the CMOS to get it to power up. One oddity, though: on my last power-up attempt the system (pre-Windows) displayed a new 'boot failure' screen that I hadn't seen before. I selected the top option and it booted into Windows without any problems. Previously, it either went straight into the BIOS or straight into Windows. FYI, the 'optimized defaults' is the preset that I was referring to previously.
Here's the 'boot failure' message:
And here's some photos of the motherboard and rear of the case. I've downsized these to 1024 px wide. Let me know if any would be useful at full resolution. I'm happy to take additional / zoomed-in photos of anything else if it would be helpful. Please excuse my sloppy cable management – wasn't great to start with and then I've made it worse by my fiddling as I try to check everything (at least, that's my excuse and I'm sticking to it!).
